Takaitaccen Tarihin Nnamdi Azikiwe

Nnamdi Azikiwe ko kuma Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe dan kishin kasa ne kuma dan jihar Najeriya wanda ya rike mukamin Firimiyan yankin Gabashin Najeriya daga 1954 zuwa 1959. Bayan Najeriya ta samu ‘yancin kai, ya rike mukamin Gwamna Janar daga 1960 zuwa 1963, sannan ya zama shugaban kasa daga 1963. zuwa 1966.

A siyasance, Nnamdi Azikiwe tun farko dan jam’iyyar NNDP ne, sannan ya kafa majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru daga 1944 zuwa 1966. Daga karshe ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar NPP kuma ya kafa jam’iyyar NPP. daga 1979 zuwa 1983 a lokacin Jamhuriyya ta Biyu. Ya kuma tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam’iyyar NPP a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na 1979.

A matsayinsa na dan siyasa kuma jagora, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya samu karbuwa a Najeriya a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kasar da suka yi fafutukar kwato ‘yancin kai. An yi amfani da sunansa da hotonsa a abubuwa da yawa a matsayin alamar ƙasa da girmamawa gare shi.

Farkon Rayuwar Nnamdi Azikwe

An haifi Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe a garin Zungeru da ke Jihar Neja a Najeriya a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1904. Mahaifinsa Chukuemeka Azikiwe da mahaifiyarsa Rachel Azikiwe dukkansu ‘yan kabilar Igbo ne ‘yan kabilar Onitsha a yankin Gabashin Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Mishan ta Church a Onitsha. Daga nan ya halarci Cibiyar Horon da Hope Weddell da ke Calabar da Makarantar Sakandare ta Methodist Boys da ke Legas.

Farkon Sana’ar Nnamdi Azikiwe

Nnamdi Azikiwe yana da shekaru 17 a duniya ya samu aiki a Legas inda ya yi aikin clark a asusun ajiyar mulkin mallaka na Najeriya. A 1925, ya bar aikin ya tafi Amurka don ci gaba da karatunsa.

A kasar Amurka, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya halarci Kwalejin Storer da ke West Virginia da Jami’ar Howard da ke Washington DC kafin ya shiga Jami’ar Lincoln da ke Pennsylvania inda ya samu digiri na farko a shekarar 1927 da kuma digiri na biyu a shekarar 1930. Ya sake shiga kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Anthropology da kimiyyar siyasa a 1933. Bayan kammalawarsa, Azikiwe ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin malamin Tarihi da Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami’ar Lincoln.

JARIDA

A shekarar 1934 Nnamdi Azikwe ya bar kasar Amurka ya dawo gida Najeriya. A wannan shekarar ne aka dauke shi aiki a matsayin editan sabuwar jaridar African Daily Post da aka kafa a birnin Accra na kasar Ghana. Bayan da ya zama babban editan, Azikiwe ya yi amfani da damar wajen inganta kishin Afirka da Pan-Africanism. Saboda haka, ya sami karramawa a matsayin Pan-Africanist kuma mai kishin kasa wanda ya yi jarumtaka wajen adawa da mulkin mallaka a Afirka. A 1937, Azikiwe ya bar Accra ya koma Najeriya.

Nan take, bayan ya dawo Najeriya, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya kafa wata sabuwar jarida a Legas, a shekarar 1937 wadda ya sanyawa sunan Pilot na yammacin Afirka. Ya yi amfani da jaridar a matsayin kafar yada labarai inda ya yi magana a madadin ‘yan Najeriya game da koke-kokensu. Ya kuma yi amfani da jaridar Pilot Africa wajen inganta kishin kasa a Najeriya. Saboda kokarinsa, Pilot Africa a hankali ta zama babbar jarida a Najeriya, don haka ya sami rassa a manyan garuruwa kamar Fatakwal, Onitsha, Kano, da sauransu.

Sana’ar Siyasa

Nnamdi Azikiwe ya shiga harkokin siyasa ne a matsayin dan kungiyar matasan Najeriya (NYM) tun lokacin da yake aikin jarida. A shekarar 1944, ya taimaka wajen kafa sabuwar jam’iyyar siyasa mai suna National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), wadda ya zama babban sakatarenta. A 1946, lokacin da shugaban NCNC Herbert Macaulay ya rasu, Azikiwe ya gaje shi.

Bayan Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama shugaban NCNC, ya fito a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan siyasa da suka yi amfani da matsayinsa wajen gwagwarmayar kishin kasa Najeriya. Ya sami suna a matsayin mai gwagwarmayar ‘yanci kuma ana kiransa da ‘ Zik ‘ a bainar jama’a. Sannu a hankali gwagwarmayar sa ta zama wani yunkuri na jama’a da ake kira ‘ Zikist Movement ‘ inda ya janyo hankalin mabiyan da suke adawa da mulkin mallaka ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.

DAN MAJALISSAR

A watan Disamba 1948, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama mamba a majalisar dokokin Najeriya. A Majalisar, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan majalisarsa. Ya sami suna a matsayin daya daga cikin masu tayar da hankali da suka yi adawa da Tsarin Mulki na Richards na 1946 kuma ya bukaci a gyara ko rushe shi. Ƙoƙarin ya zama mai fa’ida, lokacin da a cikin 1951 aka ba da sabon kundin tsarin mulkin MacPherson a 1951.

A cikin watan Disamba na 1951, an gudanar da zabe, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya yi nasara a majalisar yankin Yarbawa da ke mamaye yankin Yamma. Sai dai kuma saboda rashin jituwar siyasa ya sa ya bar kujerar a shekarar 1952 ya koma yankin Gabas wanda shi ne yankin sa na Ibo. Bayan ya koma yankin Gabas, an zabe shi dan majalisar yankin.

MULKI 1954-1959

Yayin da Nnamdi Azikiwe ke zama dan majalisa, sabon kundin tsarin mulki mai suna Lyttleton constitution ya fara aiki. A cikin tanade-tanaden Kundin Tsarin Mulki, an samar da ofishin Firimiya a matsayin shugaban zartarwa a kowane yanki na 3 na Najeriya. An yi sa’a, an nada Azikiwe a matsayin Firimiyan yankin Gabas a shekarar 1954.

Bayan da Nnamdi Azikiwe ya rike mukamin Firimiyan yankin Gabas, ya sadaukar da kansa wajen gina yankin. Da sabon mukamin, ya kuma zama daya daga cikin manyan jagororin siyasar Najeriya da suka dauki nauyin fafutukar kwato ‘yancin Najeriya. Ya halarci gangamin wayar da kan jama’a da dama kuma ya halarci tarukan tsarin mulki da dama a Najeriya da Landan a shirye-shiryen baiwa Najeriya ‘yancin kai.

Yancin Nijeriya Da Shugabancin Kasar

A jajibirin samun ’yancin kan Najeriya Nnamdi Azikiwe ya jagoranci jam’iyyarsa ta NCNC hadaka da jam’iyyar Peoples Congress ta Arewa a shirye-shiryen kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi da za ta karbi mulki daga hannun Birtaniya. Gamayyar NPC da NCNC ta samu nasarar kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi, inda Azikiwe ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawa.

Bayan Najeriya ta samu ‘yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, hadaddiyar kungiyar ta raba jagoranci. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na NPC ya zama Firayim Minista kuma shugaban gwamnati, yayin da Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama Gwamna-Janar kuma shugaba Daga baya, lokacin da Najeriya ta zama jamhuriya, aka nada Azikiwe a matsayin shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasa.

Abin takaici, ba a dade ba, bambancin kabilanci da addini ya sanya siyasar Najeriya cikin rudani. A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1966, wasu matasan sojojin kabilar Ibo sun yi juyin mulkin da ya kai ga rugujewar Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta farko da kuma haramta ayyukan siyasa. A lokacin juyin mulkin, manyan jagororin siyasa da dama sun rasa rayukansu, amma an ceto ran Azikiwe. Bayan juyin mulkin, Azikiwe ya zauna a gidansa da ke Enugu kuma ya mayar da hankali kan rayuwarsa.

Jamhuriyya ta Biyu

Bayan shekaru 12, gwamnatin mulkin sojan Najeriya ta dage haramcin siyasa a watan Satumba na shekarar 1978. Don haka Nnamdi Azikiwe ya shirya kuma ya yi amfani da wannan dama wajen kafa sabuwar jam’iyya mai suna ‘Nigerian People’s Party’ (NPP).

A lokacin dawowar siyasa Nnamdi Azikiwe ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a jam’iyyar NPP a zabukan 1979 da 1983, amma ya sha kaye.

A watan Disambar 1983 ne sojojin Najeriya suka yi juyin mulkin da ya kifar da jamhuriya ta biyu. An haramta ayyukan siyasa don haka Nnamdi Azikiwe ya bar siyasa kai tsaye.

Mutuwa

Bayan Nnamdi Azikiwe ya bar siyasa, ya shiga cikin rayuwarsa a gidansa na Enugu da ke Nsukka. Bayan kimanin shekaru 13, Azikiwe ya rasu a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1996, yana da shekaru 92.