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An fara kafa rundunar yan sandan Najeriya a shekarar alif 1820. A shekarar alif 1879 aka kafa rundunar ‘yan sanda ta Hausa Constabulary mai dauke da mutane 1,200. A Shekarar alif 1896 aka kafa ‘yan sandan Legas. An kafa irin wannan runduna mai suna ‘Niger Coast Constabulary’ a Calabar a shekarar alif 1894 a karkashin sabuwar hukumar kare gaɓar tekun Neja. A arewa, Kamfanin Royal Niger ya kafa Constabulary na Royal Niger Company a cikin shekarar alif 1888 tare da hedikwata a Lokoja.
Lokacin da aka shelanta yankunan Arewa da Kudancin Najeriya a farkon shekarar alif 1900, wani bangare na Kamfanin Royal Niger Constabulary ya zama ‘yan sandan Arewacin Najeriya, haka kuma wani bangare na Constabulary na Neja Coast ya zama ‘yan sandan Kudancin Najeriya. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, yawancin ‘yan sanda suna da alaƙa da ƙananan hukumomi (hukumomin ƙasa).
A cikin shekarar alif 1960, a karkashin jamhuriya ta farko, an fara mayar da wadannan runduna zuwa yanki sannan aka mayar da su ƙasa. Rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya it ke da alhakin tsaron cikin gida gaba daya; da tallafa wa gidan yari, shige da fice, da ayyukan kwastan; da kuma yin aikin soja a ciki ko wajen Najeriya kamar yadda aka umarce su. An sanar da tsare-tsare a tsakiyar Shekarar alif 1980 don fadada rundunar zuwa 200,000.
A shekarar alif 1983, bisa ga kasafin kudin tarayya, yawan ƴan Sandan ya kai kusan 152,000, amma wasu majiyoyi sun kiyasta cewa tsakanin su 20,000 zuwa 80,000 ne. An ruwaito cewa, akwai ofisoshin ƴan Sanda sama da guda 1,300 a fadin kasar. yawanci jami’an ƴan sandan ba su da makamai ko yaushe a hannun su amma ana ba su makamai ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙata don wani muhimmin aiki ko yanayi.
Sau da yawa ana baza su a duk fadin kasar, amma a shekarar alif 1989, a lokacin mulkin soja na biyu a Najeriya, Babangida ya sanar da cewa za a tura jami’an da suka fi yawa zuwa yankunansu na asali domin sauƙaƙa huldar ƴan sandan da al’umma.
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na shekarar alif 1999 ya ayyana ƴan Sandan Najeriya a matsayin ƴan Sandan ƙasa da ke da hurumi a fadin ƙasar. Har ila yau, akwai tanadin kundin tsarin mulki, , don kafa rassa daban-daban na ƴan Sanda “wanda zai zama wani ɓangare na rundunar sojan tarayya don tsare tashar jiragen ruwa, hanyoyin ruwa, jiragen kasa da filin jiragen sama.”
